Historians disagree whether Mercia was an independent kingdom under Æthelred and Æthelflæd but they agree that Æthelflæd was a great ruler who played an important part in the conquest of the Danelaw. As a grown man (Alexander Dreymon) finds himself in Wessex, where King Alfred the Great has thus far kept the Vikings from conquering his lands in this adaptation of Bernard Cornwell's series, The Saxon Stories. In Nick Higham's view, medieval and modern writers have been so captivated by her that Edward's reputation has suffered unfairly in comparison. [81] Ryan believes that the Mercian rulers "had a considerable but ultimately subordinate share of royal authority".[65]. Voces adicionales Gerardo Reyero - Rey (1ª temp. EADWINE (-drowned English Channel 933, bur St Bertin's Abbey, Flanders). Pedro D'Aguillón Jr. - Ofa (3ª temp.) For other people called Æthelflæd, see, 9th and 10th-century ruler of Mercia in England. In 909 Edward sent a West Saxon and Mercian force to the northern Danelaw, where it raided for five weeks. Eadgifu, married Charles III and Herbert, 9. He was an ealdorman who formerly served Alfred. 1. ] EADGIFU ([902/05]-26 Sep after 951, bur Abbaye de Saint-Médard de Soissons). A marriage with Boleslaw II "der Fromme" Duke of the Bohemians seems improbable chronologically. Voces adicionales Gerardo Reyero - Rey (1ª temp. [12] Tim Clarkson, who describes Æthelflæd as "renowned as a competent war-leader", regards the victory at Derby as "her greatest triumph". [80], Simon Keynes points out that all coins were issued in Edward's name, and while the Mercian rulers were able to issue some charters on their own authority, others acknowledged Edward's lordship. The battle was fought in 655, consequently Saint Elfleda was born in 654. The “Last Kingdom”, otherwise known as The Warrior Chronicles or the Saxon Stories is a series of novels by British author Bernard Cornwell. [79] In Wainwright's view, she was ignored in West Saxon sources for fear that recognition of her achievements would encourage Mercian separatism: [Æthelflæd] played a vital role in England in the first quarter of the tenth century. När Edwaard blev kung 899 försköt han sin drottning Ecgwynn och gifte sig med Aelffaed, en dotter till AEthelhelm, ealdorman av Wiltshire. Genre (s): Drama, Action & Adventure. Æthelflæd was born around 870 at the height of the Viking invasions of England. St. Elfleda was born an Anglosaxon princess and widow. Drama Programmes. and Eadweard I, King of Wessex, -7. William of Malmesbury names (in order) "Edfleda, Edgiva, Ethelhilda, Ethilda, Edgitha, Elfgiva" as the six daughters of King Eadweard & his wife "Elfleda", specifying that Edgiva married "king Charles"[1659]. Expect teasers and trailers for the anticipated series alongside feature videos, behind the scenes interviews and more. The second half of his reign saw Wiglaf fight back, recover his kingdom, and even manage to reclaim Berkshire and large parts of Essex. Geni requires JavaScript! The land was valuable, including most of the city's usable river frontage, and control of it enabled the Mercian rulers to dominate over and profit from the city. He then surrendered the little Elfleda to be brought up to the service of God. She was the daughter of an ealdorman Ethelhelm, perhaps the ealdorman of Wiltshire of that name. [62], Æthelflæd died at Tamworth on 12 June 918 and her body was carried 75 miles (121 km) to Gloucester, where she was buried with her husband in their foundation, St Oswald's Minster. A manuscript which recounts the founding of Wilton Monastery, records that “rex Alrudus” (referring to Alfred King of Wessex) installed “Elfledæ infantis, et filiæ principis Edwardi senioris” at Wilton abbey[1656]. [3] The situation was transformed the following year when Alfred won a decisive victory over the Danes at the Battle of Edington. "Elffled coniux regis" subscribed a 901 charter of King Edward[1633]. The Last Kingdom is een Britse televisieserie uit 2015. [38], On her husband's death in 911, Æthelflæd became Myrcna hlædige, "Lady of the Mercians". The version of record as reviewed is: "Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians" (PDF), WikiJournal of Humanities, 1 (1): 1, 2018, doi:10.15347/WJH/2018.001, ISSN 2639-5347, Wikidata Q59649817.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}, This article is about the Lady of the Mercians. Celtic visions of Æthelred and Æthelflæd as king and queen certainly offer a different, and equally valid, contemporary take on the complex politics of this transition to a new English state. They had made new walls inside the city, invited our men into the streets, trapped them between the new walls, surrounded them, and killed them. m secondly (901 or before) ÆLFLÆD, daughter of ealdorman ÆTHELHELM & his wife Ælswitha --- (-920, bur Winchester Cathedral[1632]). In the Handbook of British Chronology, David Dumville refers to "Q. Æthelflæd" and comments, "The titles given her by all sources (hlæfdige, regina) imply that she wielded royal power and authority". [19] In the view of Ian Walker: "He was a royal ealdorman whose power base lay in the south-west of Mercia in the former kingdom of the Hwicce around Gloucester". Welcome to the official channel for The Last Kingdom. Burial Places. She married king Edward, circa 901 and became the mother of Ælfweard of Wessex and several daughters. After her death, west Mercian coin reverses were again the same as those on coins produced in Wessex. [c] According to the Three Fragments, the Norse (Norwegian) Vikings were expelled from Dublin and then made an abortive attack on Wales. They returned with the remains of the royal Northumbrian saint, Oswald, which were translated to the new Gloucester minster. According to William of Malmesbury, he was accused of involvement in the plot by Ælfred against his half-brother King Æthelstan, was "driven into exile" but was drowned at sea while crossing the Channel, although the chronicler appears sceptical about the truth of the story[1670]. [12] Ian Walker suggests that Æthelflæd accepted this loss of territory in return for recognition by her brother of her position in Mercia. Alfred of Wessex was a main character in both The Saxon Stories novel series, and The Last Kingdom television series. No similar offer is known to have been made to Edward. [b] Ealhswith's mother, Eadburh, was a member of the Mercian royal house, probably a descendant of King Coenwulf (796–821). [70][71] She was also praised by Anglo-Norman historians such as John of Worcester and William of Malmesbury, who described her as "a powerful accession to [Edward's] party, the delight of his subjects, the dread of his enemies, a woman of enlarged soul". William of Malmesbury names (in order) "Edfleda, Edgiva, Ethelhilda, Ethilda, Edgitha, Elfgiva" as the six daughters of King Eadweard and his wife "Elfleda", specifying that Ethilda married "Hugh"[1676]. [42][43] Heighway and Michael Hare wrote: In the age when English scholarship and religion reached their lowest ebb, Mercia and in particular the lower Severn valley seem to have maintained traditional standards of learning. View Mobile Site The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Uhtred luchó junto a los anglosajones contra los daneses y ayudó a un joven rey Eduardo ( Timothy Innes), tras la muerte de su padre Alfred ( David Dawson ). [44], Mercia had a long tradition of venerating royal saints and this was enthusiastically supported by Æthelred and Æthelflæd. In Mercia, Alfred's sister Æthelswith had been the wife of King Burgred of Mercia; she had witnessed charters as queen and had made grants jointly with her husband and in her own name. [22] Mercian scholarship had high prestige at the courts of Alfred and Edward. She and Éomer had made rather passionate love last night—and she suddenly worried that the guards outside might have heard them. The Last Kingdom: Uhtred helped King Edward defeat the Danes (Image: Netflix) When he was a young child Edward was sent to Rome where he took part … United Kingdom. Defences were built before 914 at Hereford, and probably Shrewsbury and two other fortresses, at Scergeat and Weardbyrig, which have not been located. Retrieved 2009-04-18. The Book of Hyde names "Elfelmi comitis filia Elfleda" as first wife of King Eadweard[1634]. Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86lffl%C3%A6d,_wife_of_Edward_the_Elder", Categories: 10th-century English people | Anglo-Saxon royal consorts | English people stubs. [36] Æthelred was well enough to witness charters at a meeting of Edward's court in 903, but he did not witness any later surviving charter.[37]. [12] According to the Mercian Register, Æthelflæd was buried in the east porticus. "Elffled coniux regis" subscribed a 901 charter of King Edward[479]. Uhtred luchó junto a los anglosajones contra los daneses y ayudó a un joven rey Eduardo ( Timothy Innes), tras la muerte de su padre Alfred ( David Dawson ). [25] In 901 Æthelflæd and Æthelred gave land and a golden chalice weighing thirty mancuses to the shrine of Saint Mildburg at Much Wenlock church. Æthelstan, the eldest son of Edward the Elder and future king of England, was brought up in their court and, in the view of Martin Ryan, certainly joined their campaigns against the Vikings. [7] Brief details of her actions were preserved in a pro-Mercian version of the Chronicle known as the Mercian Register or the Annals of Æthelflæd; although it is now lost, elements were incorporated into several surviving versions of the Chronicle. Æthelhelm & his wife had [two] children: a) ÆLFLÆD (-920, bur Winchester Cathedral[476]). She was praised by Anglo-Norman chroniclers such as William of Malmesbury, who described her as "a powerful accession to [Edward's] party, the delight of his subjects, the dread of his enemies, a woman of enlarged soul". She died in 920. She married king Edward, circa 901 and became the mother of two sons, Ælfweard of Wessex and Edwin, and six daughters.Sons, Ælfflæd was the daughter of Æthelhelm, ealdorman of Wiltshire. Other sources confirm that the Norse were driven out of Dublin in 902 and that Æthelflæd fortified Chester in 907. Alfred adopted the title King of the English, claiming to rule all English people not living in areas under Viking control. "Æthelhel[m] dux" subscribed an undated charter of King Alfred, named first in the list of subscribers before the king's nephew and son[470]. The Last Kingdom is een Britse televisieserie uit 2015. The success of Edward's campaigns against the Danes depended to a great extent upon her cooperation. As Alfred the Great defends his kingdom from Norse invaders, Uhtred - born a Saxon but raised by Vikings - … View All The Last Kingdom News . The Last Kingdom England, 872. m firstly ([917/19]) as his second wife, CHARLES III "le Simple" King of the Franks, son of LOUIS II "le Bègue" King of the West Franks & his second wife Adélaïde [d'Angoul%C3%AAme] (posthumously 17 Sep 879-Péronne 7 Oct 929, bur Péronne St Fursy). In the mid-880s, Alfred sealed the strategic alliance between the surviving English kingdoms by marrying Æthelflæd to Æthelred. © Carnival Film & Television Limited 2016 | a division of NBCUniversal International Studios | Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy Her mother was Ealhswith, who was from the ruling family of Mercia. Only then did Mercia's independent existence come to an end.[78]. The marriage may have taken place earlier, perhaps when he submitted to Alfred following the recovery of London in 886. She lived as an anchoress in Glastonbury, England and was highly revered by St. St Dustan of Canterbury. [34] Simon Ward, who excavated an Anglo-Saxon site in Chester, sees the later prosperity of the town as owing much to the planning of Æthelflæd and Edward. By 878, most of England was under Danish Viking rule – East Anglia and Northumbria having been conquered, and Mercia partitioned between the English and the Vikings – but in that year Alfred won a crucial victory at the Battle of Edington. On their way back they were caught by an English army in Staffordshire and their army was destroyed at the Battle of Tettenhall, opening the way for the recovery of the Danish Midlands and East Anglia over the next decade. Æthelflæd agreed and for some time they were peaceful. He set apart twelve estates to be thenceforth monastic property – six in the north and six in the south of his double kingdom. [23] Worcester was able to preserve considerable intellectual and liturgical continuity and, with Gloucester, became the centre of a Mercian revival under Æthelred and Æthelflæd that extended into the more unstable areas of Staffordshire and Cheshire. The Last Kingdom sigue siendo una de las series más populares de Netflix y el drama histórico sigue la historia de Uhtred of Bebbanburg ( Sajonia ), nacido en Sajonia y criado por daneses. England; United Kingdom; Scotland; Wales; Vietnam; Yemen; Yugoslavia; Special Series. De serie werd uitgezonden door de BBC met Netflix in co-productie. William of Malmesbury names (in order) "Edfleda, Edgiva, Ethelhilda, Ethilda, Edgitha, Elfgiva" as the six daughters of King Eadweard & his wife "Elfleda" renounced "the pleasure of earthly nuptials…in a lay habit"[1674]. The second half of his reign saw Wiglaf fight back, recover his kingdom, and even manage to reclaim Berkshire and large parts of Essex. EADHILD (-937). Wulfhere was a supporting character in both The Saxon Stories novel series, and The Last Kingdom television series. Set in the ninth and tenth century Britain, it tells the story of Alfred the Great from the perspective of Uhtred of Bebbanburg, a man born to a Saxon … William of Malmesbury wrote that their burial places were found in the south porticus during building works in the early twelfth century. Apesar de ser representado grande em estátuas, tinha o porte frágil e a saúde fraca. The first novel in the series was the 2004 Published “The Last Kingdom” from which the series of novels takes its name. [50] Alfred had constructed a network of fortified burhs in Wessex, and Edward and Æthelflæd now embarked on a programme of extending them to consolidate their defences and provide bases for attacks on the Vikings. The Last Kingdom, serie popular en Netflix. As a grown man (Alexander Dreymon) finds himself in Wessex, where King Alfred the Great has thus far kept the Vikings from conquering his lands in this adaptation of Bernard Cornwell's series, The Saxon Stories. Soon afterwards the English-controlled western half of Mercia came under the rule of Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians, who accepted Alfred's overlordship. But her reputation has suffered from bad publicity, or rather from a conspiracy of silence among her West Saxon contemporaries. Starring: Alexander Dreymon,Emily Cox,David Dawson. According to Nick Higham, "successive medieval and modern writers were quite captivated by her" and her brother's reputation has suffered unfairly in comparison. She married king Edward, circa 901 and became the mother of two sons, Ælfweard of Wessex and Edwin, and six daughters. Parents: Æthelhelm of Wiltshire and Ælswitha. As Alfred the Great defends his kingdom from Norse invaders, Uhtred -- born a Saxon but raised by Vikings -- seeks to claim his ancestral birthright. "[9] She was praised by Anglo-Norman chroniclers such as William of Malmesbury and John of Worcester[10] and she has received more attention from historians than any other secular woman in Anglo-Saxon England. King Alfred leads Wessex and has remained defiant and strong against the invading Danes. With Alexander Dreymon, Eliza Butterworth, Ian Hart, Arnas Fedaravicius. The boy loses his inheritance and is raised by the Danes, who are threatening to overrun all of what will one day be called England. Edgina of England ... [1]. According to Pauline Stafford, "like ... Elizabeth I she became a wonder to later ages". 10. In 883 he made a grant with the consent of King Alfred, thus acknowledging Alfred's lordship. [48] In Wessex, royal women were not allowed to play any political role; Alfred's wife was not granted the title of queen and was never a witness to charters. m (Sep 929) as his first wife, OTTO of Germany, son of HEINRICH I "der Vogelsteller/the Fowler" King of Germany & his second wife Mathilde --- (23 Nov 912-Memleben 7 May 973, bur Magdeburg cathedral). Abbess of Notre Dame de Laon, resigned 951. [83], The 1,100th anniversary of the death of Æthelflaed was marked throughout 2018 in Tamworth with a number of major events, including the unveiling of a new six-metre statue,[84] the creation of the town's biggest ever piece of community art,[85] a major commemorative church service, talks, a special guided walk, commemorative ale and an academic conference weekend drawing academics and delegates from all over the world. [86], This article was submitted to WikiJournal of Humanities for external academic peer review in 2018 (reviewer reports). He was an ealdorman who formerly served Alfred. [1], In 865 the Viking Great Heathen Army landed in East Anglia and used this as a starting point for an invasion. Mercia was the dominant kingdom in southern England in the eighth century and maintained its position until it suffered a decisive defeat by Wessex at the Battle of Ellandun in 825. Aelfwyn is not known to have married and may have gone to a convent. Alfredo, interpretado por David Dawson em “The Last Kingdom”: saúde fraca, possivelmente, portador da doença de Crohn. He was granted the title Duc des Francs 25 Dec 936. She returned to France in 936. Æthelflæd benefited from a Mercian tradition of queenly importance, and was able to play a key role in the history of the early tenth century as Lady of the Mercians, which would not have been possible in Wessex. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Nun at Wilton. The Annalista Saxo records the wife of Otto as "Ediht filiam Ehtmundi regis Anglorum"[1683]. [51], Æthelflæd had already fortified an unknown location called Bremesburh in 910 and in 912 she built defences at Bridgnorth to cover a crossing of the River Severn. The Book of Hyde names "Edgitham et Elgimam" as fifth and sixth of the six daughters of King Eadweard by his first wife "Elfelmi comitis filia Elfleda", specifying that they were both sent to "Henrico Alemanorum imperatori" and that the former married "filio sui Othoni"[1681]. WIGMUND 839 – 840. Flodoard mentions, but does not name, "filiam Eadwardi regis Anglorum, sororem coniugis Karoli" when recording her marriage to "Hugo filius Rotberti" in 926[1678]. [52][d], In 917 invasions by three Viking armies failed as Æthelflæd sent an army which captured Derby and the territory around it. [40] It was initially dedicated to St Peter but when Oswald's remains were brought to Gloucester in 909, Æthelflæd had them translated from Bardney to the new minster, which was renamed St Oswald's in his honour. Ealdorman of Wiltshire. The updated content was reintegrated into the Wikipedia page under a CC-BY-SA-3.0 license (2018). The Last Kingdom sigue siendo una de las series más populares de Netflix y el drama histórico sigue la historia de Uhtred of Bebbanburg ( Sajonia ), nacido en Sajonia y criado por daneses. Æthelred and Æthelflæd fortified Worcester, gave generous donations to Mercian churches and built a new minster in Gloucester. [64] Martin Ryan sees the foundation as "something like a royal mausoleum, intended to replace the one at Repton (Derbyshire) that had been destroyed by the Vikings". A Saxon man, raised by Danes, must choose a side and play his part in the birth of a nation, alongside the man who would become known as King Alfred the Great. 6. [1], Ælfgifu, wife of a continental nobleman (Adiva). [11], Æthelflæd was born around 870, the oldest child of King Alfred the Great and his Mercian wife, Ealhswith, who was a daughter of Æthelred Mucel, ealdorman of the Gaini, one of the tribes of Mercia. He was the King of the Wessex. (2), Children of Ælflæd (?) William of Malmesbury names (in order) "Edfleda, Edgiva, Ethelhilda, Ethilda, Edgitha, Elfgiva" as the six daughters of King Eadweard & his wife "Elfleda", specifying that Edgiva married "king Charles"[1659]. Sons. Thietmar names "Edith…daughter of King Edmund of England" when recording her marriage during the lifetime of Otto's father, in a later passage stating that she urged her husband to begin establishing the city of Magdeburg[1682]. King Burgred of Mercia was joined by King Æthelred of Wessex and his brother, the future King Alfred, for a combined attack on the Vikings, who refused an engagement; in the end the Mercians bought peace with them. In 886 Alfred occupied the Mercian town of London, which had been in Viking hands. He succeeded his brother Robert in 967 as Comte de Meaux et de Troyes. This was the only occasion in Alfred's lifetime when they are known to have acted jointly; generally Æthelred acted on his own, usually acknowledging the permission of King Alfred. The boy loses his inheritance and is raised by the Danes, who are threatening to overrun all of what will one day be called England. “The Last Kingdom”, em exibição na Netflix, conta a história de luta entre vikings e anglo-saxões, do ponto de vista dos anglo-saxões, diferentemente do que acontece na série “Vikings”, onde os protagonistas são os navegadores escandinavos. About Tomatometer. The Last Kingdom, serie popular en Netflix. The only recorded event took place in 916, when she sent an expedition to avenge the murder of a Mercian abbot and his companions; her men destroyed the royal crannog of Brycheiniog on Llangorse Lake and captured the queen and thirty-three of her companions. [33] Æthelflæd re-founded Chester as a burh and she is believed to have enhanced its Roman defences by running walls from the north-west and south-east corners of the fort to the River Dee. 10th century) was the second wife of Edward the Elder, king of the English. Edgiva survived Edward by many years, dying in the reign of her grandson Edgar. Henry of Huntingdon's poem was translated, "freely" according to Paul Szarmach, "Gloucester funeral procession honours Aethelflaed, Lady of the Mercians", "Aethelflaed, Tamworth's Warrior Queen, Installation and opening-event", "Luke Perry, artist, on making Aethlflaed, Warrior Queen of Tamworth", "Æthelflæd [Ethelfleda] (d. 918), ruler of the Mercians", "Æthelred (d. 911), ruler of the Mercians", "Edward [called Edward the Elder] (870s?–924), king of the Anglo-Saxons", WikiJournal of Humanities/Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, List of English words of Old Norse origin, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Æthelflæd&oldid=995094430, Wikipedia articles published in peer-reviewed literature, Wikipedia articles published in WikiJournal of Humanities, Wikipedia articles published in peer-reviewed literature (W2J), Burials at St Oswald's Priory, Gloucester, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from open access publications, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 December 2020, at 05:20. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death in 924 of "his [King Edward's] son Ælfweard…at Oxford" 16 days after his father died and his burial at Winchester[1668]. The latter suggestion is chronologically implausible, assuming that it refers to Ælfgifu's younger half-sister Eadgifu who was married according to William of Malmesbury to "Louis Prince of Aquitaine" (see below), as King Rudolf's children were probably born between 880 and 900. Tim Clarkson's biography has a detailed discussion of Æthelflæd' burhs. "Ælfweard filius regis" subscribed two charters of King Edward dated 909, in both of which he was named third in the list of subscribers after "Æthelweard frater regis" and "Æthelstan filius regis"[1662]. In 913 she built forts at Tamworth to guard against the Danes in Leicester, and in Stafford to cover access from the Trent Valley. La serie está basada en las novelas "The Saxon Stories" deBernard Cornwell. The Book of Hyde names "Elfelmi comitis filia Elfleda" as first wife of King Eadweard[477]. They granted the church of Worcester a half share of the rights of lordship over the city, covering land rents and the proceeds of justice, and in return the cathedral community agreed in perpetuity to dedicate a psalm to them three times a day and a mass and thirty psalms every Saturday.

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