Cependant les relations avec la SS étaient houleuses. April 2001 besetzten AntifaschistInnen einen Teil des ehemaligen Topf und Söhne Geländes in Erfurt. Observations, innovations and patent applications, Stiftung Gedenkstätten Buchenwald und Mittelbau-Dora (2005), Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team (2007), Erinnerungsort Topf & Söhne, 12 July 2017. [1][15] He is quoted as saying during the interrogations "I was a German engineer and key member of the Topf works and I saw it as my duty to apply my specialist knowledge in this way in order to help Germany win the war, just as an aircraft construction engineer builds airplanes in wartime, which are also connected with the destruction of human beings. [5], After German reunification in 1990, over 2.5 million claims were made for restitution of property that had been confiscated during the Nazi period, or by the East German government. The brothers, like their father, did have many good relationships with Jewish friends, neighbours and business contacts. It was refused in 1992, because property confiscated during the Soviet occupation period could not be claimed. Du business dans les camp de concentration : les complices passifs et actifs au sein de l'entreprise, Topf & Fils, partenaires de la SS : initiatives et avantages, Après la guerre : effacer les traces - se souvenir - nier, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topf_und_Söhne&oldid=173159133, Massacre ou atrocité de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Article manquant de références depuis juillet 2012, Article manquant de références/Liste complète, Portail:Seconde Guerre mondiale/Articles liés, Portail:Époque contemporaine/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. In the 1940s, less than 2% of its total business came from its concentration camp contracts. Topf & Söhne) was an engineering company, founded in 1878 in Erfurt, Germany by Johannes Andreas Topf (1816–1891). [3], In addition to Auschwitz and Auschwitz II–Birkenau, Topf & Söhne also built crematoria ovens for Buchenwald, Dachau, Mauthausen-Gusen, Mogilev ghetto, and the Gross-Rosen concentration camp. Later, in Topf & Söhne's instructions on using the ovens, they advised adding bodies to the muffles at 20-minute intervals as the previous body burned down. Film from Buchenwald and other concentration camps was used as evidence at the Nuremberg Trials. Kaum etwas in den Ruinen erinnert an die schreck­liche Bedeutung, die Überlebende des Holocaust bis heute mit dem Namen dieser Firma verbinden: Topf & Söhne, im Jahr 1878 als Spezialbetrieb für Feuerungs- und Mälzereianlagen in Erfurt gegründet, produzierte einen großen Teil der Krematorien für die nationalsozialistischen Vernichtungslager. He never made any apology for Topf & Söhne's involvement with the Nazi regime. Les dirigeants de Topf & Fils, tout comme les employés concernés, nièrent toute culpabilité et toute complicité de ces crimes. Il était l'un des quatre ingénieurs qui furent arrêtés et condamnés par les fonctionnaires soviétiques en 1946. [4] A book about the occupation was published in 2012, titled Topf & Söhne – Besetzung auf einem Täterort (Topf & Söhne – Occupation of a crime scene). Two further legal proceedings followed in 1962 but neither resulted in a formal charge. It is the only memorial of its type relating to a civilian company's collaboration in the Holocaust. A. Topf und Söhne za pomocą Hoteli Skyscanner. Cerca e confronta hotel vicino a J.A. [17] To try to conceal what had been going on, the SS blew up the crematoria and gas chambers before the Soviet troops arrived. Suche und vergleiche Hotels nahe J. W. Kordes' Söhne, 2013 eingeführt Die Blüten von 'La Villa Cotta' sind sehr farbstabil und erscheinen in großen Dolden, was die Wirkung der intensiven Farbe noch mehr betont. They also filmed the camp, including the crematoria, with the camera pointedly focusing on the J.A. Topf and Sons (German: J.A. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. wurzelnackt im Topf. In the summer of 1944, almost 440,000 Hungarian Jews were transported to the camp and during this period up to 9,000 bodies per day, and sometimes as many as 10,000 per day, were cremated in the ovens, as well as in outdoor burning pits. The SS were holding 125,000 Soviet prisoners of war in Auschwitz II, and it was calculated that with the use of the new ovens, they could all be killed and disposed of in about four months. A. Topf und Söhne — Das Unternehmen J. En effet, les fours étaient peu fiables et n'étaient garantis que deux mois. [1], In 1951 Topf founded a new company, in Wiesbaden, to make crematoria and refuse incinerators. However, his business never did well. Pour effacer les traces de leurs crimes, les SS firent sauter les crématoires d'Auschwitz-Birkenau en janvier 1945. "Topf & Söhne", wie die Firma nach dem Tod des Gründers hieß, setzte seit 1914 auch auf einen neuen Trend - die Einäscherung. "[23], Over the next two years, the other three men remained in custody and were interrogated in Germany and in Moscow, where, on 17 April 1948, they were sentenced to 25 years in a Russian labour camp. He maintained that the ovens they had delivered to the concentration camps were standard equipment, of the same type that they made for city crematoria for civilian use and claimed that if they had refused to work with the SS they would have been severely punished. There were also small numbers of Poles, Dutch, Croatians and Czechs. Johannes Topf died in 1891, and in 1904 Julius Topf stepped down to become a sleeping partner due to ill health, leaving Ludwig managing it on his own. Topf und Söhne ging in 1940 een samenwerkingsverband aan met het Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), dat het beheer over de concentratiekampen had. He was released three weeks later and returned to work. Braun, also a qualified engineer, was the factory's production manager. They ran social and cultural projects, and organised events and guided tours which drew attention to the history of Topf & Söhne during the Nazi period, which had been largely forgotten. Topf & Söhne ist ein authentischer Ort der Mittäterschaft der Industrie am Holocaust. Topf moved the company to Mainz in 1954. Sans sollicitation, de leur propre initiative, les ingénieurs de la société imaginèrent des installations encore plus efficaces pour l'extermination d'un nombre de gens toujours croissant. [14], At the end of June 1945, Ernst Topf travelled to an insurance company in Stuttgart, then in the French occupied zone, to collect a 300,000 Reichmark life insurance payout that was due following his brother Ludwig's death. Erinnerungsort Topf & Söhne – Die Ofenbauer von Auschwitz. From March 1943 until November 1944, nearly 1 million people were murdered and disposed of at the camp. Topf & Söhne war bereits vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg mit über 500 Angestellten kein mittelständisches Unternehmen mehr. The idea was that the bodies would be loaded by a type of conveyor belt and the heat of the bodies already in the oven would ignite them, thus, after an initial heating period, it would remain in continuous operation without the need for any further fuel – the heat of burning corpses would keep the apparatus running. [5], The site of the former factory is now a holocaust memorial site and a museum. [20], On 27 April 1945, Ludwig Topf organised a meeting with company's works council at which it was agreed that the line to be taken with investigators was that workers and management knew that the ovens were delivered to concentration camps, but that they did not know the details of what was going on. The site of Buchenwald concentration camp can still be seen in the distance from the window where engineer Kurt Prüfer's desk stood. The company not only made crematoria ovens, it also made ventilation systems for the gas chambers at Auschwitz II–Birkenau. [26][27], Squatters moved onto part of the site of the former factory on 12 April 2001 and set up an independent culture centre known as Das Besetzte Haus (the occupied house). Les vestiges des crématoires acquirent rapidement la signification symbolique de monuments funéraires et de lieux de mémoire. Topf und Söhne) est une société allemande spécialisée en installations de chauffage qui fut créée en 1878 à Erfurt.Elle fut l'un des deux principaux fournisseurs des fours crématoires utilisés par l'Allemagne nazie [1].. Les installations Topf & Fils représentaient une avancée considérable pour les crémations lors de funérailles religieuses. He was held in custody and interrogated for two or three weeks and then let go. La Villa Cotta - Ein Gartentraum Die Rose hat sich traumhaft entwickelt und blühte bis in den November. In 1952 it was renamed "NAGEMA VEB Maschinenfabrik "Nikos Belojannis", after a Greek communist who had been an inmate in a German concentration camp in Greece. He established the new company to sell a system for heating brewing coppers which he had invented and patented. Encuentra millones de habitaciones en hoteles, resorts y hostales de todo el mundo. Topf & Söhne logo and manufacturer's name plate attached to the ovens. Das Familienunternehmen Topf & Söhne a) Die Geschichte des Unternehmens. These were Kurt Prüfer, Fritz Sander (1876–1946), Karl Schultze (1900-died after 1955) and Gustav Braun (1889–1958). Die Blattgesundheit war gut. Het bedrijf had in het eerste oorlogsjaar een flinke financiële klap gekregen en in april 1941 was de schuld opgelopen tot … [1], Initially, Buchenwald camp, which opened in July 1937, sent bodies to the local Weimar city crematorium. Der DFB zeichnet seit 2005 Vereine, Institutionen und Einzelpersonen aus, die sich für Demokratie und Menschenwürde sowie gegen Antisemitismus, Rassismus und jede Form der Diskriminierung einsetzen. Epithets such as 'the engineers of the final solution' and 'the technicians of mass murder' have been applied to Töpf & Söhne, because, to a greater extent than its competitors, it used its considerable expertise to assist the Nazi regime to make mass execution into an efficient, industrial process. Plus miliony pokojów w hotelach, kurortach, apartamentowcach i schroniskach na całym świecie. The Americans forced the citizens of nearby Weimar to walk through the camp to witness what had been going on. Assmann, Aleida; Hidderman, Frank (eds)(2002) Firma Topf & Söhne – Hersteller der Öfen für Auschwitz: Ein Fabrikgelände als Erinnerungsort? Elle fut l'un des deux principaux fournisseurs des fours crématoires utilisés par l'Allemagne nazie[1]. However, in an administration office at Birkenau camp, the Soviets found documentation relating to Topf & Söhne, detailing "the construction of the technology of mass death, complete with the precise costs of crematoria and calculations of the number of corpses each could incinerate in a day". [1], The muffles of the concentration camp ovens were smaller than those for civil crematoria, because no space for a coffin was needed, which saved both space and fuel. It was privatised in 1993 after German reunification and it went bankrupt in 1996. [1], In March 1948 the Spruchkammer in Wiesbaden, where Topf had moved to, took over his files. [1], After leaving school, Ludwig studied machine engineering at the Technische Hochschule Hannover, now the University of Hannover. Quellen: Lehmann, Heidrun: Stadtverband der Kleingärtner besteht seit 20 Jahren, Thüringische Landeszeitung vom 18.05.2010. At least 620 foreigners were forced to work for the company. [11], In addition to making ovens for Buchenwald, Auschwitz and Dachau, Topf & Söhne also supplied a transportable double-muffle oven and a stationary double-muffle oven for Mauthausen-Gusen, a triple-muffle oven at Groß-Rosen and a four-muffle oven at Mogilev ghetto. C'est lui qui accéléra, à partir de 1939, la collaboration de Topf & Fils avec la SS. The state of Thuringia contributed over one million euros to establishing the museum. Includes free vocabulary trainer, verb tables and pronunciation function. [12][14], On 13 March 1943 the engineer Karl Schultze and Heinrich Messing witnessed a test sample of 1,492 Jews from Kraków Ghetto being killed in the gas chambers at Auschwitz II and then cremated. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 22 juillet 2020 à 16:11. He had a reputation as a womaniser and was living with his secretary, 19 years his junior, at the time of his death. Und so wird es wohl am Hirnzigenberg noch eine ganze Weile so ruhig bleiben. Topf & Söhne – Die Ofenbauer von Auschwitz“ von Annegret Schüle (Wallstein-Verlag Göttingen. He returned Erfurt to do two six-month internships, one in a bank and another in a malting company. In 1994 Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, the German Justice Minister, also refused that claim because, she said, the factory was used to manufacture the "murder machinery of the extermination camp. A 'muffle' is the incineration chamber where the body is put. [13][14], In early 1943, the Topf & Söhne fitter Heinrich Messing installed exhaust fans in the Auschwitz II crematoria and also in the gas chambers. Der Deutscher Fußballbund zeichnet Bildungsprojekt vom Erinnerungsort Topf & Söhne und Spirit of Football e.V. It was made a subsidiary of VVB NAGEMA, a group of East German state-owned engineering companies. The company went bankrupt in May 1963. The Zwangsarbeiter had to work 56 hours per week in comparison with the 42 hours worked by German employees, although they were paid 25–30% less. Unsere Redakteure haben uns dem Ziel angenommen, Produktpaletten unterschiedlichster Variante auf Herz und Nieren zu überprüfen, sodass Interessierte unmittelbar den Kaffee campingkocher gönnen können, den Sie als Kunde kaufen wollen. [14][21], The US Army's Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) started to investigate Topf & Söhne within a few days of the Buchenwald liberation, and took company documents. Die "Besetzer_innen" wollen mit der Aktion auf den Abriss der Industriebrache Topf und Söhne sowie der drohenden Räumung des Besetzten Hauses auf einem Teil des ehemaligen Firmengeländes aufmerksam machen. Originally, it made heating systems and brewing and malting equipment. He used the old family firm's name, J.A. As with all Topf & Söhne stationary ovens, the parts were made in the factory in Erfurt, and the firm's staff went on site to build them, often spending months at the camps. für den Inhalt verantwortlich und Betreiber der Website. A. Topf und Söhne con hoteles de Skyscanner. In addition, deductions were made for food and accommodation, and other costs. Topf died in 1979. A. Topf & Söhne die Verbrennungsöfen und die Lüftungstechnik für die Gaskammern. Am 05.04.09 wurde die ehemalige Villa der Familie Topf in der Rubenstraße in Erfurt scheinbesetzt. [2], Topf & Söhne's main competitor in making concentration camp ovens was the Berlin firm H. Kori GmbH [de], founded in 1887. Assmann, Aleida; Hidderman, Frank (eds) (2002), This page was last edited on 3 December 2020, at 00:07. Auf welche Punkte Sie vor dem Kauf Ihres Induktions topf auf normalen herd achten sollten! La Villa Cotta ® als wurzelnackte Rose kaufen. Pour ce faire, il leur fallut observer les premiers massacres et incinérations dans les crématoires. [5], The motto "Stets gern für Sie beschäftigt, ..." ("Always happy to be at your service, ...") is painted in large letters on the outside of the restored building.

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