Initially that meant officers undercover in workplaces and universities, then it meant inside apartment complexes and social organizations like sports clubs and churches. Pastor Rainer Eppelmann, who became Minister of Defense and Disarmament after March 1990, felt that new political freedoms for former Stasi members would be jeopardized by acts of revenge. By 1995, some 174,000 inoffizielle Mitarbeiter (IMs) Stasi informants had been identified, almost 2.5% of East Germany's population between the ages of 18 and 60. It was the first time East Germans had undertaken such resistance against the Stasi and it instigated the take over of Stasi buildings throughout the country. Another big issue was how the media could use and benefit from the documents. 14. It was used as a prison by the Soviet occupying forces from 1945 to 1953, and from 1953 to 1989 by the Stasi. The museum and memorial site was opened to the public in 1994. Funds were channelled to a small West German group for it to defend, The Stasi channelled large amounts of money to. Today the group provides an alternative if somewhat utopian voice in the public debate on the GDR legacy. The person in question would have to have participated in an illegal act, not just be a registered Stasi member. [31] The Stasi also acted as a proxy for KGB to conduct activities in other Eastern Bloc countries, such as Poland, where the Soviets were despised. Für Siegfried Rataizick, der nach der Friedlichen Revolution vor 30 Jahren als Gefängnischef entlassen wurde, war es ein später Triumph, dass es seinem verhassten Widersacher am Ende genauso erging wie ihm. Tactics employed under Zersetzung generally involved the disruption of the victim's private or family life. Their secrecy was their strength, so let us talk you through a few of the methods in which they exerted their control over life in East Germany. Im Film "Ein Volk unter Verdacht" spricht die junge Reporterin Malin Büttner mit dem BStU-Historiker Dr. Ilko-Sascha Kowalczuk über grundlegende Fragen zum Ministerium für Staatssicherheit. The GRH, decrying the charges as "victor's justice", called for them to be dropped. This was important given that the GDR was trying to improve its international standing during the 1970s and 80s, especially in conjunction with the Ostpolitik of West German Chancellor Willy Brandt massively improving relations between the two German states. This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 08:52. Since 1996, the building which was used as an interrogation centre by the Stasi and an execution site by the Nazis has been a museum and memorial centre for victims of political persecution. On 8 December 1989, GDR Prime Minister Hans Modrow directed the dissolution of the AfNS, which was confirmed by a decision of the Ministerrat on 14 December 1989. Christian Halbrock: Stasi-Stadt – Die MfS-Zentrale in Berlin-Lichtenberg – Ein historischer Rundgang. Numerous Stasi officials were prosecuted for their crimes after 1990. Die Aufgabe der Stasi war es, jegliches Verhalten zu unterbinden, das der Regierung gefährlich werden konnte. A high-ranking official was in charge of a particular mission of the Ministry and headed a division in the Central Apparatus (Zentrale). The fall of the Berlin Wall, and a kid has to make his beloved mother don't know about it. In the mid-1980s, a network of IMs began growing in both German states. The new government of the DDR – a mere puppet of the Kremlin – relied more and more on the Stasi to quell discontent among factory workers and farmers. Zur Geschicte der Gedenkstätte, DDR Museum. "Das Leben der Anderen" - erst ein Film, dann darüber eine Ausstellung: Die Stasi ist fast immer ein zentrales Motiv in Filmen über die DDR. But why did the Stasi collect all this information in its archives? The irony of workers striking and marching – the tools of the political left – against an ostensibly leftist government was not lost on Bertolt Brecht, a prominent poet, playwright and communist, who penned a poem called “Die Lösung” (The Solution) that read: After the uprising of the 17th of JuneThe Secretary of the Writers UnionHad leaflets distributed in the StalinalleeStating that the peopleHad forfeited the confidence of the governmentAnd could win it back onlyBy redoubled efforts. When these activities became known, a protest began in front of the Stasi headquarters,[76] The evening of 15 January 1990 saw a large crowd form outside the gates calling for a stop to the destruction of sensitive files. Film Im Visier des Unsichtbaren. The state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern took ownership of it in 1998, and the memorial site and museum were established in 1999. From January 1990 the building was used as offices for various citizens initiatives and new political groups, such as the Neue Forum. Erich Mielke was born in a tenement in Berlin-Wedding, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, on 28 December 1907.During the First World War, the neighborhood was known as "Red Wedding" due to many residents' Marxist militancy.In a handwritten biography written for the Soviet secret police, Mielke described his father as "a poor, uneducated woodworker," and said that his mother died in 1911. Die Stasi war der Geheimdienst der DDR und zuständig sowohl für das Inland (also die DDR) als auch für das Ausland. As intelligence chief, Wolf achieved great success in penetrating the government, political and business circles of West Germany with spies. In nearly every speech, the Stasi minister gave the order to find out who is who, which meant who thinks what. Februar 1950 wurde das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, die Stasi, gegründet. Je mehr er dabei allerdings in das Leben der anderen eindringt, desto mehr wird ihm sein eigenes trostloses Leben bewusst. An extensive restoration of the site began in December 2018. It was decided that the media could obtain files as long as they were depersonalized and not regarding an individual under the age of 18 or a former Stasi member. Sanierung einer Dokumentations- und Gedenkstätte in Rostock, Nord Stream, Matthias Warnig (codename "Arthur") and the Gazprom Lobby, Gazprom's Loyalists in Berlin and Brussels, "Police investigate Gazprom executive's Stasi past", "Aris, Helmut * 11.5.1908, † 22.11.1987 Präsident des Verbandes der Jüdischen Gemeinden", "Mandatsentzug läßt Beck kalt: "Ich bin ein Schlachtroß, "H-Soz-u-Kult / Mielke, Macht und Meisterschaft", "Was der Geheimdienst der DDR mit dem Sport zu tun hatte", "Das Stasi-Geheimnis der Hotelchefin Uta Felgner", "Cottbus-Trainer Geyer horchte Kirsten und Sammer aus", "Eine Stasi-Debatte, die nicht beendet wurde", "DDR: Birthler-Behörde ließ Stasi-Spitzel einladen - WELT", "Kamnitzer, Heinz * 10.5.1917, † 21.5.2001 Präsident des PEN-Zentrums DDR", "Olympiakos soccer chief was 'spy for Stasi, "Luft, Christa geb. [27] Information gathered about the latter groups was frequently used to divide or discredit members. But actually, it's a quite accurate description. University graduates who had completed their military service did not need to take these tests and exams. ... Best Picture Winners Best Picture Winners Golden Globes Emmys STARmeter Awards San Diego Comic-Con New York Comic-Con Sundance Film Festival Toronto Int'l Film Festival Awards Central Festival Central All Events. [72] On 12 March 1990, Der Spiegel reported that the Stasi was indeed attempting to implement 0008-6/86. Ihr halfen viele Menschen, die bereitwillig über andere "petzten". By comparison, the Gestapo deployed one secret policeman per 2,000 people. 2020 19 Uhr Die Schule der DDR-Spione. ...the Stasi often used a method which was really diabolic. [105], Behind the scenes, the GRH also lobbies people and institutions promoting opposing viewpoints. There were also some who believed that everyone was guilty of something. geb. In 1986, Wolf retired and was succeeded by Werner Grossmann. The Stasi also fielded Location Detachments (Objektdienststellen) at state-owned enterprises of high importance (such as the joint USSR-East German Wismar uranium mining company). Am 5. [14][15] Wollweber resigned in 1957 after clashes with Ulbricht and Erich Honecker, and was succeeded by his deputy, Erich Mielke. Schools, universities, and hospitals were extensively infiltrated,[24] as were organizations, such as computer clubs where teenagers exchanged Western video games. Jeder, der mit ihm bekannt war, galt der Stasi als verdächtig. . The Stasi Records Agency (Stasi-Unterlagen-Behörde) is the organisation that administers the archives of Ministry of State Security (Stasi) of the former German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Between 1952 and 1989 over 2,800 people were held in the prison on political grounds. Impetus for the establishment of the GRH was provided by the criminal charges filed against the Stasi in the early 1990s. The investigations concluded that "Schlaff's empire of companies played a crucial role" in the Stasi attempts to secure the financial future of Stasi agents and keep the intelligence network alive. Es galt als das "Schild und Schwert" der SED(Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands). Links Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-86153-520-1. East German Police GDR - DDR Volkspolizei Info Film - YouTube The building was originally a 19th-century paper mill. Following the June 1953 uprising, the Politbüro decided to downgrade the apparatus to a State Secretariat and incorporate it under the Ministry of Interior under the leadership of Willi Stoph. Over 6,000 people were held in the prison by the Stasi during that time. So he creates an alternative way for what happend. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-525-37501-3. Stasi, Geheimdienste, Volk, bespitzeln, Informationen, Osten, DDR, Geschichte Vier Jahrzehnte lang bespitzelt die Stasi das eigene Volk und stiehlt Informationen aus dem Westen. A significant proportion of those informing were members of the SED. These files are now maintained by the Stasi Records Agency. Reassembling the destroyed files has been relatively easy due to the number of archives and the failure of shredding machines (in some cases "shredding" meant tearing paper in two by hand and documents could be recovered easily). During his trial, he went through cancer treatment. [16] Collaboration was so close that the KGB invited the Stasi to establish operational bases in Moscow and Leningrad to monitor visiting East German tourists and Mielke referred to the Stasi officers as "Chekists of the Soviet Union". Die Prostitution war in der DDR verboten. The specialized divisions at the district departments were subordinated to the specialized division in the central apparatus and the whole line was under the direct command and control of the high-ranking Stasi officer in charge of the mission. Spies reported every relative or friend who stayed the night at another's apartment. [87], Gedenkstätte Bautzner Straße Dresden [de] (The Bautzner Strasse Memorial in Dresden) - A Stasi remand prison and the Stasi's regional head office in Dresden. Die DDR im Blick der Stasi. In 1995, the BStU began reassembling the shredded documents; 13 years later, the three dozen archivists commissioned to the projects had reassembled only 327 bags; they are now using computer-assisted data recovery to reassemble the remaining 16,000 bags – estimated at 45 million pages. The building contained vast records of personal files, many of which would form important evidence in convicting those who had committed crimes for the Stasi. History, The Bautzner Straße Memorial in Dresden website, Frankfurt (Oder) baut sein altes Gefängnis zum Kulturzentrum um / Gedenkstättenbeirat entsetzt Der einstige Hinrichtungsraum wird ein Café, Museum Viadrina. Mielke was sentenced to six years prison for the murder of two policemen in 1931. In addition, offices of the Stasi Records Agency in Berlin, Dresden, Erfurt, Frankfurt-an-der-Oder and Halle (Saale) all have permanent and changing exhibitions relating to the activities of the Stasi in their region. Sie versuchte also, jegliche Gegnerschaft ausfindig zu machen und zu verhindern. Zusammen besuchen sie wichtige historische Orte wie das MfS-Untersuchungsgefängnis in Potsdam oder den Dienstsitz von Erich Mielke, der über 30 Jahre Minister für Staatssicherheit in der DDR war. Would it not be easier. The memorial site and museum was founded in December 1990. Each government that had ruled Germany – and indeed, most other countries too – attempted to control the political actions of the populus and to limit perceived threats to the stability of the nation. Alle waren bereits mit jungen Jahren ins Visier der Stasi geraten. Gedenkstätte Roter Ochse Halle (Saale), Gedenkstätte Moritzplatz Magdeburg. Johannes Straubinger. The goal was to destroy secretly the self-confidence of people, for example by damaging their reputation, by organizing failures in their work, and by destroying their personal relationships. Guten Tag, Passkontrolle - Ein Film über die Passkontrollorgane der DDR. Movies such as Bridge of Spies, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold and Funeral in Berlin depict the hijinx of agents crossing the Berlin Wall, but the definitive cinematic portrayal of the East German era is The Lives of Others, a low key, intense story of a Stasi agent Gerd Wiesler’s increasing infatuation with a bohemian couple. (picture alliance / dpa / Oliver Berg) On 17 November 1989, the Council of Ministers (Ministerrat der DDR) renamed the Stasi the "Office for National Security" (Amt für Nationale Sicherheit – AfNS), which was headed by Generalleutnant Wolfgang Schwanitz. Erstmals lernt Wiesler die Welt der Kunst und des freien Denkens kennen. It is a government agency of the Federal Republic of Germany.It was established when the Stasi Records Act came into force on 29 December 1991. By the time that East Germany collapsed in 1989, the Stasi employed 91,015 employees and 173,081 informants. Die geheimen Berichte an die SED-Führung. In 1992, following a declassification ruling by the German government, the Stasi files were opened, leading people to look for their files. Egal wie. [26] The roles of informants ranged from those already in some way involved in state security (such as the police and the armed services) to those in the dissident movements (such as in the arts and the Protestant Church). Doch die Stasi nutzte den Dienst am Westmanne auch als Teil seines Spitzelsystems. [18] 10,000 IMs were under 18 years of age. [47] A high-profile example of this was peace activist Vera Lengsfeld, whose husband, Knud Wollenberger, was a Stasi informant.[29]. Wir besitzen NICHT das Videomaterial und alle Videos gehören respektvollen Besitzern. The Stasi was founded on 8 February 1950. The irony of workers striking and marching – the tools of the political left – against an ostensibly leftist government was not lost on Bertolt Brecht, a prominent poet, playwright and communist, who penned a poem called “, Had leaflets distributed in the Stalinallee, Had forfeited the confidence of the government, By redoubled efforts. Vor 30 Jahren endete die Geschichte der Stasi. Full-time officers were posted to all major industrial plants (the extensiveness of any surveillance largely depended on how valuable a product was to the economy)[19] and one tenant in every apartment building was designated as a watchdog reporting to an area representative of the Volkspolizei (Vopo). It bears mentioning because, before the film came out in 2006, the story of the Stasi was not well known outside of Germany. P. 16. The world of Cold War spying is often depicted as a glamorous business, with clandestine meetings, ingenious gadgets and high drama. Minister für Staatssicherheit war zunächst Wilhelm Zaisser (1950 bis 1953), gefolgt von Ernst Wollweber (1953 bis 1957). Less mentally and academically endowed candidates were made ordinary technicians and attended a one-year technology-intensive course for non-commissioned officers. [18] There is significant debate about how many IMs were actually employed. Each government that had ruled Germany – and indeed, most other countries too – attempted to control the political actions of the populus and to limit perceived threats to the stability of the nation. Former high-ranking officers and employees of the Stasi, including the last Stasi director, Wolfgang Schwanitz, make up the majority of the organization's members, and it receives support from the German Communist Party, among others. The actions of the CIA, MI6 and the KGB – or earlier of the Gestapo and the NKVD – are far more suited to the silver screen and the internal politics of … Neo-Nazism: a threat to Europe? It has been described as one of the most effective and repressive intelligence and secret police agencies ever to have existed. It is a government agency of the Federal Republic of Germany.It was established when the Stasi Records Act came into force on 29 December 1991. Wilhelm Zaisser was the first Minister of State Security of the GDR, and Erich Mielke was his deputy. Hier sollte ohne jede Hemmung besonders viel Ruhm eingeheimst werden. Barbara (2012) Instruktøren Christian Petzold har med ‘Barbara’ lavet endnu en film … It has been a cultural centre and a memorial to the victims of political tyranny since June 1994, managed by the Museum Viadrina. [34] The Stasi employed one secret policeman for every 166 East Germans. The Stasi in 1972 made plans to assist the, In 1975, the Stasi recorded a conversation between senior West German CDU politicians. From 1952 until 1989, over 5000 political prisoners were held on remand and interrogated in the Andreasstrasse prison, which was one of 17 Stasi remand prisons in the GDR. Bekanntester un… He died in Chile in May 1994. DDR (East Germany) in movies. Eigentlich! Für Siegfried Rataizick, der nach der Friedlichen Revolution vor 30 Jahren als Gefängnischef entlassen wurde, war es ein später Triumph, dass es seinem verhassten Widersacher am Ende genauso erging wie ihm. [81] See also Rosenholz files. Je mehr er dabei allerdings in das Leben der anderen eindringt, desto mehr wird ihm sein eigenes trostloses Leben bewusst. [102] By at least one estimate, the Stasi maintained greater surveillance over its own people than any secret police force in history. It preferred to paralyze them, and it could do so because it had access to so much personal information and to so many institutions. Investigations have revealed that some of the key Gazprom Germania managers are former Stasi agents.[103][104]. It calls for the closure of the Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial and can be a vocal presence at memorial services and public events. They were tasked with maintaining political support for the East German regime and for identifying perceived enemies of the state. The grounds for further surveillance and further repression of dissent was clear, and the Stasi was the tool by which it would be enacted. After German reunification, the surveillance files that the Stasi had maintained on millions of East Germans were opened, so that all citizens could inspect their personal file on request. [88], Remembrance and Documentation Centre for "Victims of political tyranny" [de] - A memorial and museum at Collegienstraße 10 in Frankfurt-an-der-Oder, in a building that was used as a detention centre by the Gestapo, the Soviet occupying forces and the Stasi. In seiner Dokumentation über die "Prostitution in der DDR" steigt Autor Axel Nixdorf hinab in eine Schattenwelt aus Sozialismus, Stasi und Sex. Die DDR wurde 40 Jahre lang von der Sozialistischen Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED) regiert ohne jemals durch freie, demokratische Wahlen legitimiert zu sein. It was realised that psychological harassment was far less likely to be recognised for what it was, so its victims, and their supporters, were less likely to be provoked into active resistance, given that they would often not be aware of the source of their problems, or even its exact nature. Stiftung Gedenkstätten Sachsen-Anhalt. [16] In 1978, Mielke formally granted KGB officers in East Germany the same rights and powers that they enjoyed in the Soviet Union.[16]. Gedenkstätte Amthordurchgang Gera e.V. [89][90], Gedenkstätte Amthordurchgang [de], a memorial and 'centre of encounter' in Gera in a former remand prison, originally opened in 1874, that was used by the Gestapo from 1933 to 1945, the Soviet occupying forces from 1945 to 1949, and from 1952 to 1989 by the Stasi. After German reunification, revelations of the Stasi's international activities were publicized, such as its military training of the West German Red Army Faction. [71][72] According to Ion Mihai Pacepa, the chief intelligence officer in communist Romania, other communist intelligence services had similar plans. Vorsitzende des Ministerrats u. Ministerin für Wirtschaft", "Biography: Lothar de Maizière - Biographies - Chronik der Wende", "Wie ein Jenaer Stasi-Spitzel Menschen verriet, die ihm eigentlich vertrauen", "Former Stasi Agent Bernd Runge Gets Phillips Top Job (Update1)", "E.German Stasi informant wins battle to conceal past", "Court Decision Paves Olympics Way for Stasi-linked Coach - Germany - DW - 06.02.2006", "Projektgruppe moralische Entsorgung: Linke Gesinnungswächter denunzieren die Gauck-Behörde", Frankfurter Allgemeine (Feuilleton section), https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2018.1471969, STASI Decorations and Memorabilia, A Collector's Guide, "The dark secrets of a surveillance state", Stasi Mediathek Behörde des Bundesbeauftragten für die Stasi-Unterlagen, 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972, Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States, American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), Main Directorate of State Security (GUGB), People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB), Department of State Security (Securitate), Altenberg bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stasi&oldid=994935298, Defunct law enforcement agencies of Germany, Articles with dead external links from May 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox government agency with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Articles needing additional references from July 2012, All articles needing additional references, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from March 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 91,015 regular employees, 174,000 informal employees (or IMs) (1989).

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